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OF THE EXPOSITION. 






FRANKLIN SERIES. Vol. I, No. 5. March, 1894. Monthly, $6.00 per year. Entered at Chicago Postoffice as second-class matter. 

■ 



■■■■■■■■■■■■^^■■■M 



Views or...... 



-AND 



TnE WORLD'S Tair 

A\lDWAY PLAISANCE 



Comprising Rare Photographs of 

The AVain Exposition Buildings 

Entrances. ^ . .- . 

EoREiGN. State and Territorial Buildings. ^ 4^ j > • r^ - 

Lagoons, 

\ And many 
' \ Interestinig. Instructive and Curious 

The Midway PlAISANCE, \ Attractions of the 

Vv'oi'Id's Columbian Exposition. \ 





CHICAGO: 

W. B. CONKEY CO/nPANY, PUBLISHERS. 
1894 



46 r\F the making of books there is no end" was the wail of the Psalmist, and he would assuredly 
become still more earnest were he alive now and aware of the number of World's Fair pub- 
lications issuing from the press. But time was required to make a book which should embrace all 
views of interest, should be a work of art, and with accompanying intelligent descriptions almost 
literally reproduce the Fair. Only of late has it been possible to secure the best photographs and to 
select most wisely from the thousands taken. Such a book, it is believed, has been produced in the 
present volume. 

The illustrations speak for themselves as to their quality. Accompanying each is just what the 
reader wants, in a brief description telling what the illustration is and what it means. The views are 
not bound together carelessly but are arranged in groups, enabling convenient reference. The officials 
of the Exposition, the Court of Honor, the Administration Building, views about the Court of Honor and 
the Peristyle, the Columbian and Electric Fountains from different points, the Lagoons, the most 
curious outdoor attractions of the Fair, the Main Buildings with admirable views of Entrances and 
Interiors, the State Buildings, the Foreign Buildings, and the most interesting views of the Midway 
Plaisance appear in the order indicated. The arrangement is one of association of ideas as well as of 
locality. Nothing like the present book, showing graphically World's Fair as it was, has heretofore 
been given to the public, and the publishers rely for its popularity simply on its merits. 



Entered according? to Act of Congress in the year A. D. 1894, by W. B. CONKEY COMPANY, in the office of the 
Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C. All Eights Reserved. 



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The Court of Honor by Moonlight, afforded by common consent the most charming scene the 
World's Fair could produce. The sky and water, the great white buildings, the flitting launches and 
gondolas, the floating lights and the flashing fountains combined to produce an impressiion which will 
remain lasting in the memories of millions of people. 




Chicago Day. — Who has not heard of it? The seething mass of humanity, which left scarcely a 

square yard of unoccupied space in the vast area covered by the Exposition buildings and its grounds, 

was proof positive that not only Chicagoans, but the strangers within her gates wished to show by their 

presence their appreciation of Chicago's herculean task. Seven hundred and fifty-four thousand, two 

' hundred and sixty-one visitors! No wonder the world stood aghast. 




The Administration Building had a character about it so unmistakable that from whatever point a 
view was taken of it, or wherever it appeared it could always be recognized. Its east front was 
a favorite one to present, flanked by the Electricity Building on the right and Machinery Hall on the 
left. 




From southeast over the Grand Plaza was one of the most imposing views to be had upon the 
Exposition grounds. From a point in this direction, as indicated in the illustration, were visible a 
portion of Machinery Hall on the left, a whole front of the Administration Building and part of the 
"Farmers' Bridge" on the right. 









n 



The Boy and Horse, as one of the striking statues adorning the Grand Basin was called, repre- 
sented a youth standing shovel in hand beside a noble horse of the Norman breed. The horse is har- 
nessed as if the pair were just going to the field or returning from it, the conception being spirited and 
most effective. 









The Statue of Plenty, designed by the sculptor E, C. Potter, was duplicated among the adornments 
of the Grand Basin and was a most successful symbolic work. Plenty, a tall and graceful woman, 
stood beside a massive bull, her arm resting upon him and in her extended hand a stalk of ripened 
corn. 




r 



The Music Hall, Peristyle and Movable Sidewalk, viewed together from the roof of the Manufact- 
ures Building, aiiorded a picture of interest. The Movable Sidewalk on the pier extending far out into> 
I le lake was very popular during the warm days of the Fair, when the lake breeze in all its cooling 
i 5rce was especially sought for by the multitude 




The Grand Basin, looking eastward, afforded one of the famous views of the Exposition. The 
beautiful sheet of water, the great white structures on each side reflecting in its depths, the fountains 
in the foreground and the Peristyle in the distance combined to make a picture to be borne in mind for 
all time. 




The Grand Arch of the Peristyle supported what was known as the Columbus Quadriga, a group 
of figures representing the discoverer in a chariot drawn by four horses led by women. Heralds rode 
beside them. The attitude of the great navigator standing in the chariot was that of one who has suc- 
ceeded, and the whole grouping was full of life and energy. 




The Peristyle as viewed from the lake possessed charms for the beholder which could only be 
temporarily forgotten when the greater glory of this majestic production of the designer's art burst 
resplendent upon the vision upon entering the Court of Honor. In its stately grandeur, however, the 
Peristyle as seen from the Jake was a sight always to be remembered. 



J 




The Agricultural Building never appeared to better advantage than when viewed from the south 
terrace of the Grand Basin. Here its principal facade with its richness of outlines, wealth of orna- 
mentation, massive Corinthian pillars and statuary of heroic size created an impression which is indeli- 
bly impressed on the memory. 



*^'"-^^^"— 




The " Farmers' Bridge " in the foreground was so named as nine out of ten of our country ccur^ms 
■crossed the South Canal here to enter the Agricultural Building at the northwest corner. This sketch 
presents another picturesque combination of many features which made the Court of Honor so 
attractive. 




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A side view of the Columbia Fountain shows Columbia sitting aloft in a grand barge of state urged 
on by the sea-horses of commerce and by the rowers on either side, the Arts and Industries. The 
rowers which appear in this illustration are Agriculture, Science, Industry and Commerce. Fame 
blows her trumpet at the bow and Father Time is at the helm. 




■^^ 



The Front of the Columbian Fountain, which could be seen closely only from a boat on the water 
■of the Grand Basin, afforded one of the most effective views of that great piece of work. In the illus- 
tration a pair of the sea-horses, which draw the barge, are seen uprearing just over the fountain's 
cascade. 




MacMoniiies' Fountain stood at the head of the Grand Basin immediately in front of the Admin- 
istration Building. Its right and left supports were the electric fountains, one of which is discernible 
in the left corner. In the near background is the east portion of Machinery Hall with the obelisk and 
colonnade in the distance. 





The Electric Fountains had a never-faihng charm for the host of visitors who nightly attended the 
Exposition. The one here given stood opposite the southeast corner of the Electricity Building. The 
bridge led over the North Canal to the Manufactures Building, which is seen on the left, and awav in 
the distance can be seen the Music Hall and the ill-fated Peristyle. 




The Monolith which stood at the end of the South Canal near the Southern Colonnade was an 
exact reproduction of the famous Cleopatra's Needle which was given to the United States by the 
Khedive of Egypt, and now stands in Central Park in New York. Lions guarded its base and the whole 
formed a graceful filling out of the scene at that point. 




Standing under the shadow of the Colonnade and looking north to the far distant Illinois Building, 
there was spread before the observer's gaze a view so replete with charms as to hold spellbound the 
true lover of the beautiful. Here art proclaimed herself, and so true had she been to nature that nature's 
own handiwork seemed to pale before such magnificence. 




• 



The North and South Canals, with the intervening basin, were prohfic in charms for the artist to 
reproduce. The one here given was taken from the landing stage on the east side of the Electricity 
Building. With a small portion of Manufactures Building on the left, there can be seen beneath the 
arches of the bridg:e the bieadth of water in front of the fountains, with Machinery Hall and the 
Agricultural Building in the distance. 



^ 




A south view of the Illinois Building from the colonnade of the Woman's Building is produced 
here with a most artistic effect. The sharpness of outline is softened down by the distance, while the 
shrubbery in front and the glimpse of the quiet waters of the lagoon give to the whole an Old World 
appearance 






'^■^ciw^jsrc^^c^/. 



The South Canal, as was called the pretty sheet of water between the Agriculture Building and 
Machinery Hall, was not on the great highway for boats, and so lacked a little of the variety of the 
ponds and lagoons, but this deficiency, as the illustration shows, was well offset by its magnificent 
surroundings. 




The Obelisk rose to a towering height at the termination of the South Canal near the Colonnade. 
On its base was the following appropriate inscription: "Four hundred years after the discovery of 
this continent by Christopher Columbus, the nations of the world unite on this spot to compare in 
friendly emulation their achievements in art, science, manufactures and agriculture." 




competitive fly-castmg was done. 



A 



■ff-yif ^■y^'f^r'^ -■ 



n%%m\m\ 




A Look Northwest from the Northwest Corner of the Government Building gave a pretty view of 
the roadway skirting the lagoon and of the two bridges, one over the north inlet and the other over the 
lagoon, to the Wooded Island. The Fisheries and the Illinois State Buildings were here the most con- 
spicuous structures. 




Island is particularly well defined Th^^vR^^t J?* v'ew given above, the south half of the 

whereon performanc'erwere some^imls give^ """^ ' ' ""^ '" *' f°'^gr™"d *= «he float. 




From the west front of the Agriculture Building standing" beside' one of the statues of Plenty, and 
looking northwest, the scene was most picturesque in a strictly artificial way. There was nothing of 
nature to the scene save the water of the canal in front, but the architectural effect was graceful in the 
extreme. 




Proctor's Cowboy, next to the Indian by the same artist, was the most successful piece of statuary 
on the borders of the two lagoons. The figure of the cowboy, was extremely spirited and forceful, but 
the horse \\?as not so well done. It is said that this portion of the work was left to a pupil. 






J\ 




Proctor's Indian, which ornamented the shore of the lagoon near the Transportation Building, was^ 
admittedly, one of the best pieces of sculptural work on the grounds. The attitude of the Indian shows 
him eagerly scanning the plain for a possible enemy. The chief Red Cloud served the artist as a 
model for the well-executed work. 

3 




Carter Harrison Addressing a A'ast Audience was one of the scenes of the day when the Viking 
Ship reached its destination and cast anchor in the harbor at the World's Fair grounds. The illustra- 
tion, small as is the scale of portraiture, gives a faithful idea of the appearance of the famous mayor 
standing before a multitude. 




The steamer Christopher Columbus, more popularly known as the " Whaleback," carried more 
people to and from the World's Fair grounds than any other vessel in the service. It was built on the 
plan lately coming into vogue on the great lakes, and by its appearance fully justified the title given its 
class of boats. It was a good-looking monster. 




The Nina and Pinta, the two smaller vessels of the Columbus fleet, left Spain with the Santa 
Maria, but unlike her had to be towed over. They were modeled after the plans of the originals in 
which the discoverer made his perilous voyage. As they lay at the wharf, east of the Agricultural 
Building, they were never for a moment during the day without a crowd of visitors. 



' 




The Santa Maria, one of the three Columbus caravels, left Cadiz, Spain, in February, 1893, and 
crossing the ocean alone reached Chicago the following July. She was an exact reproduction of the 
flagship in which Columbus sailed to the New World. Her dimensions were as follows: Length at 
water line, seventy-one feet three inches; beam, tv/enty-five f eet eight inches; depth of hold, twelve feet 
five inches. She carried a crew of fifty-two men. 





The Yucatan Ruins made an interesting study for visitors to the Fair. These ruins from 
ancient cities whose history is lost, were cast in staff from molds secured by the United States con- 
sul to Yucatan, and indicated a higher stage of culture than now possessed by any people of the 
region where they exist. They are a puzzle to the student. 




Curious aboriginal emblems were those known as Totem Poles, erected by the Indians of British 
Columbia to commemorate heroic deeds in the lives of the braves. They are grotesquely carved and 
vary in height according to the rank of the deceased. The natives are said to value these ancestral 
relics very highly. 



4 




The Penobscot Indians represented by four families made the Ethnographical ground north of the. 
Anthropological Building their temporary home during the Exposition. Here in a thoroughly primi- 
tive style they whiled away the summer days and afforded a vast fund of entertainment and instruction 
to visitors who watched them at their domestic duties in their birch-bark wigwams or paddling their- 
canoes on the South Pond. 



■■■ 




The Windmill exhibit was an elaborate one. As many as a hundred makers of windmills in the 
United States had their manufactures displayed here. Mills abounded on every hand from the modest 
one for family use to the towering aermotor seen in the illustration. An interesting feature in the dis- 
play was the old Dutch windmill seen to the left. 







The Naval Observatory, Life Saving Station, Lighthouse Exhibit and Weather Bureau were all 
grouped near together on the lake front just south of the north inlet. In the illustration the structures 
devoted to the purposes named appear in the foreground. In the rear is the government encampment. 
Dimly in the far distance appears the Statue of the Republic. 



i 






The Statue of Germania, which stood near the siock barns, did not, because of its location, attract 
the attention it would have done nearer the center of the grounds. The statue had, however, a 
utilitarian value, since it was cast in cement and seived to illustrate to what uses that substance prop- 
erly constituted may be diverted. 




The Government Encampment was always an object of curiosity to visitors to the Fair and was 
worthy the attention given it. Very nattily kept was the encampment, and the regular discipline of a 
military post was duly observed. The government occupied with its encampment and exhibits all the 
space between the Machinery Building and the north inlet. 



TT 




The Manufactures Building, from the southwest corner of the Grand Basin, looked very much like a 
mountain richly sculptured and decorated about its base. The enormous expanse of domed roof was 
almost too great to suggest ordinary human construction. Its more distant features were rendered 
vague and uncertain, and the general bigness of the Exposition was fully emphasized. 




The east side of Manufactures Building as viewed from Lake Michigan here shows when there is 
the stillness of a summer Sabbath, not even a gentle zephyr to create a ripple; the pennants hang list- 
less on their staffs, the mighty monarch of the Exposition is reposing, and the little craft, the only thing 
that seems possessed of life in the scene, lies "as idle as a painted ship upon a painted ocean." 



± 




The Manufactures Building had four great entrances, one in the center of each facade. The one 
here shown is that on the west side and approached by the bridge over the North Canal from Electricity- 
Building. Each entrance was designed after the manner of triumphal arches, the center one being 
forty feet wide and eighty feet high. 




The United States Government Building was not counted a triumph of architecture as compared 
with the beautiful structures about it, but, viewed from many points, the great edifice was by no means 
unattractive. The view given here is from some point a little south of west and across that portion of 
the waterway known as the North Pond. 

4 




The South Canal Bridge connecting the plaza in front of the Administration Building, with the 
Manufactures Building was seldom without a throng upon it. From this point a fine view was afforded 
of the front of the Agriculture Building, the Grand Basin with its flitting boats making an artistic fore- 
ground to the charming scene. 




L: i .^r* . 





The northwest corner of the Agriculture Building was the central point of its most impressive 
frontage, a view from the northwest including both the splendid facades of the successful structure. 
In the illustration given, there is added a pretty view of the famous "Farmers' Bridge "and of the 
southermost of the electric fountains. 






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Machinery Hall, viewed from the south front of the Manufactures Building, afforded a strikino- 
picture both of its rich facades appearing and a just idea being secured of its great dimensionr. It 
was only from the noriheast that such a view of this remarkable structure could be secured, while the 
distance indicated in the illustration was right for the purpose. 




The Art Palace, viewed from any point possible, was a beautiful and imposing structure, in the 
opinion of many the most perfect product of architectural genms among the hundreds of fine buildings 
which made the White City. The view from the southeast, which appears above, was by no means the 
least attractive anipng those afforded from a distance. 




The southern entrance to the Art Palace was a favorite spot for visitors to the World's Fair, not 
only because here was a convenient landing place for boats, but because the view to the south was one 
of great extent and beauty. The illustration gives an excellent idea of some of the details of architecture 
of this famous edifice. 




The Horticultural Building, the great storeliouse of Flora's treasures at the Exposition, when 
v^iewed from .the Wooded Island, seemed faultless in its ornate beauty and architectural details. Its 
style was Venetian Renaissance, the order Ionic. The main entrance was formed by a highly orna- 
mental vestibule, and rising majestically above it was the crystal dome one hundred and thirteen feet 
high and one hundred and eighty-seven feet in diameter. 




The Horticulture Building, over the Wooded Island, afforded what was, in many respects, the 
most picturesque view in the World's Fair grounds. Here are taken in at one glance the maximum 
effects of beautiful sheets of water, charming landscape gardening and grand architectural effects. As 
a background to all is a partial view of the city outside. 



*^ 




The Fisheries Building, though of such form as to present nowhere a much extended front, was 
picturesque, looked at from any direction The Fisheries was an admitted triumph of architectural 
genius over material difficulties, and had the merit of being not only artistic, but of a form adapted 
perfectly to its practical uses. 



I 




The south front of the Fisheries Building became a familiar object viewed from the bridge over the 
north inlet, where scores of thousands were constantly passing and repassing. From here a better idea 
of the general exterior plan of the odd structure could be gained than from almost any other point, 
though the popular entrance was at the north side. 




The Womar's Building viewed from a distance had the disadvantage that its unattractive sky- 
light came into view, while the fineness of its detail work was to an extent lost, but from no point was 
it otherwise than an attractive object. It may have lacked force of expression, but was at least delicate 
and "womanly." 







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The Mines Building from the north presented a most attractive frontage, the Wooded Island on 
the left, the placid waters of the West Lagoon as a foreground, and the walls bordering the roadway 
on the right combining to make a proper contrast for the picture. The equestrian statue shown in the 
view is Proctor's Indian. 




The Columbus Statue, in which he is represented as taking possession, in the name of his sovereigns, 
of the New World he has discovered and which stood at the east entrance of the'Administration Build- 
ing was, next to that of the Republic, the piece of statuary which drew more attention than any other 
on the grounds. It was an imposing object. 




The Transportation Building, seen from an elevated point toward the northeast appeared to 
advantage there being no obstruction in this direction to the view of the eastern and northern facade. 
The^lSs ''Golden Doorway '^ is shown conspicuously in the illustration, and the scene over the 
Wooded Island and quiet Lagoon is an extremely pretty one. 



!i 




The Electricity Building from the northeast presented a fine appearance, the intervening east 
lagoon securing the required distance for effect and enabling an idea of the features of the north 
facade, A bridge over the south canal at the northeast corner of the structure afforded connection 
with the roadway west of the Manufactures Building. 




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The Art Institute Building, situated on the lake front at the foot of Adams street, and near the 
heart of Chicago, was partly an outcome of the World's Fair, and was the scene of the many notable 
congresses which will assist to make the Exposition live in history. It is a magnificent structure in a 
chaste and imposing style of architecture. 




The Krupp and Shoe and Leather Buildings were close together in the southeastern part of the 
grounds, though exhibits more dissimilar could scarcely be imagined. The Shoe and Leather Building 
was not unpleasing, but unpretentious in style, while the Krupp structure was more self-assertive a 
solid building, with outlines which made it handsome. 



I 




The Convent of La Rabida, the place where Columbus received aid and shelter when wearied and 
discouraged in his efforts to organize an expedition, was thronged by thousands of sight seers. The 
building was an exact reproduction of the old convent and held the large collection of Columbian 
relics from all lands. 




The Columbian Liberty Bell was a late arrival at the Exposition, but during its brief stay aroused 
a vast amount of interest. It was installed on the west side of the Administration Building on the plaza 
facing the Terminal Station. Many and various were the occasions during the Exposition that it pro- 
claimed its mission of peace. It weighed thirteen thousand pounds, was seven feet four inches in dia- 
meter and seven feet his^h. 




The Anthropological Building, which stood in the southeastern part of the grounds, was four 
hundred and fifty feet by two hundred and twenty-five feet in dimensions and contained a most remark- 
able collection of exhibits. Man and his works were here the subject, and, additionally, the relics of 
prehistoric ages were abundantly displayed. The showing was one of the greatest interest. 





The Forestry Building, in its material and style of architecture, proclaimed distinctly its uses and 
purposes. It was built entirely of wood and joined with wooden pins, not a bit of metal being used 
about it. Its dimensions were five hundred and twenty-eight by two hundred and eight feet. Every 
pillar inside was a tree trunk. The display, all obiects relating to forestry, was a magnificent one. 




The Live Stock Pavilion, in the arena of which the parades of live stock and competitive displays 
were made, was an immense structure in the southern part of the grounds. The arena alone was four 
hundred feet in diameter, and the ascending tiers of seats about it could accommodate fifteen thousand 
people at one time. 




The Battle-Ship Illinois, with its foundation of brick, and its upper works of wood and iron, is said 
to have been an inspiration of Commodore Meade, of the United States Navy. It was a reproduction in 
appearance of a genuine battle-ship, and was regularly equipped and manned, forming an instructive 
object lesson to people living inland. 




Interior of Manufactures Builchng^rhe greatest building in the world, the largest and most 
varied display of the world s manufactures ever gathered together under one roof, and one of the ereat 
est architectural wonders of the universe; such, in brief, is a description of this colossal structure The 
view here given is taken from the gallery looking down Columbia avenue from the south with the -reat 
clock m th e distance. ' 




The French Department of the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building, situated at one corner of 
the intersection of the two great avenues, was one of the striking features of the showing made in that 
enormous structure. The entrance, with its he?.utiful arch and decorative surroundings, commanded 
general admiration, and the interior fully justified the promise made. 




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The Iron Gates of the German section in the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building were said 
to be the largest specimen of wrought iron work ever made, as they were certainly among the most 
beautiful. Their total length with the connecting fence was one hnndred and sixty-one feet. The 
central gates stood forty feet high and twenty-two wide, and weighed eighteen tons. 




The Interior of the German Section, in the Manufactures Building, was such as not to disappoint 
expectations raised by a study of the wonderful wrought iron portals to the exhibit. The view here 
afforded is of the department where was made a showing of hne ceramic wares, the famous Royal 
Berlin Porcelain Vase showing in the further corner. 



J 




A Chinese Home View was given in the Chinese Village, or, rather, two of them, one representing a 
farmhouse, the other a " house of royalty " inhabited by a Chinese lady and two children, a girl of over 
two years old and a baby boy. These exhibits were on the second floor of the Joss House. 




The Chinese Joss House on Midway Plaisance contained a varied collection of the productions of 
the Mongolian race. It was not only large but meritorious. The illustration gives a portion of the 
second floor where the display of textile fabrics, pottery, bronze work, in the manufacture of which the 
Chinese undoubtedly excel, called forth general praise. 




Colors Standards and Guidons were displayed in great profusion in the War Department exhibit in. 
the Government Building and were arranged with artistic effect about the columns in that structure. 
The accompanying illustration shows, additionally, the arrangement of small arms and some of the 
appurtenances of the ordinance branch of the exhibit. 




The Interior of the Government Building was a decided improvement on the exterior, the great 
resources of the various departments being called upon to aid in the display. A portion of that from 
the War Department is represented in the illustration, the great gun, the imitation army mules, and 
the torpedo cans illustrating the character of the display. 




The Big Tree from California was installed in the center of the rotunda of the Government Build- 
mg. It was a section thirty feet in length cut from Sequoia Gigantea, J' General Noble," about twenty 
feet from its base. The tree was three hundred feet in height, its diameter at base twenty-six feet, and 
circumference eighty-one and a half feet. 




A Group of Californian Sea-lions was conspicuous in the exhibit of the Smithsonian Institution and 
National Museum in the Government Building. These with the neighboring exhibits of mammals, 
birds, insects, etc., formed a great object lesson for the student. 




The Agricultural Building contained an exhibit from almost every foreign country represented at. 
.the- World's Fair, several of them having their entire exhibits-installed there. This view is taken from 
the northwest corner of the building, showing the Paraguay display in the foreground. 




Machinery Hall was spanned by three arched trusses, and when denuded of its exhibits presented 
the appearance of three huge railroad train houses arranged side by side. The illustration gives a 
view of the nave which contained the British exhibits starting at the northeast corner, the German, 
New'South Wales and several other foreign displays in the distance, and in the far perspective the dim 
■outlines of the Annex. 




The Boiler Room of Machinery Hall was a sight worth seeing for the student of modern industrial 
methods. Here was arranged the greatest battery of boilers in the world, the illustration showing its 
enormous length. No coal was used, the fuel supplied being entirely of kerosene oil. The soul of 
Watts would have been delighted with the spectacle. 




The Souvenir Coin Exhibit was placed .directly under the dome of the Administration Building 
and was a curious and attractive ibject of examination the display of half dol ars bemg grea er 
than most people had ever seen before. The coins were built into he form of the Umted States 
treasury building at Washington, and were enclosed by a railing and always well guarded. 



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The Hunt Ball was one of the paintings in the Art Palace which commanded general admiration. 
It was brilliant in coloring and the faces and figures in the scene presented Avere most attractive. It 
represented an occasion of the popular English social function at its height and was full of life and 
piquancy. 



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In the Art Gallery the multitude always found what fascinated them, and the attendance at that 
building never flagged greatly, however unpleasant the day might l)e. The view presented above is a 
scene in the depiittment of sculpture, where were shown so many noble works by the most famous- 
artists, both American antl foreign. 



M 




Under the Horticultural Dome a mountain of greenery afforded a striking illustration of what the 
landscape gardener can accomplish. This mountain was a great mass of palms, ferns and other plants 
which might flourish in the warm atmosphere provided, and in its interior was a grotto, which -c was 
largely visited by the multitude. 




The East Indian Tea Room in the Woman's Building was a popular place of resort for the ladies 
and deserved the esteem in which it was held, both from the luxurious appointments and the quality of 
what was served. The furnishing was of the most luxurious character, all in the East Indian style. 




The Interior of the Woman's Building made a pretty picture viewed from the gallery at either end. 
This building was well lighted from the great skylight over its central court, and objects were visible 
with exceptional distinctness. The illustration gives an admirable idea of the arrangement on the main 
floor and of the surrounding galleries. 




Down an Alley of th^ Mines Building was afforded at any time an illustration of the vast mineral- 
resources of this country especially, though other countries were by no means unrepresented. The 
view given shows building marbles and other stone on the right, while on the left are great coal pilltirs 
from the mines of different localities. 




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The Interior of the Electricity- Building presented an appearance which would scarcely have been 
comprehended by visitors to any exposition of the past. Electricity as no w applied had not much place 
a few years ago. In the illustration appears, the telegraph office in the foreground, the column up whicti 
colored lights flashed constantly standing just beyond. 




Gladstone's Ax and cuts of big timber made an interesting exhibit in the center of the Forestry 
Building. The ax of the statesman was shown, properly attested, in a glass case. The greatest block 
of wood in the collection was half a disk of California Redwood, the tree being four hundred and 
seventy-five years old when Columbus landed in America. 




The Arkansas Building, situated near the northwest corner, was in the French Rococo style of 
architecture and was erected at a cost of $15,000. The exterior was in plaster and ornamental statf 
work, and made an excellent effect. Around the interior rotunda were six rooms for exhibits of historic 
interest. Some of the interior decorations were especially striking. 




The California Building was, next to that of Illinois, the largest state building on the grounds, 
occupying an area of four hundred and forty-five by one hundred and forty-four feet. Its cost was 
$75,000, and the style of the old Spanish missions of Southern California was followed in its architect- 
ure. A great exhibit of state products was made inside. 






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The Colorado Building was in the Spanish Renaissance style of architecture, and was erected at a 
cost of $35,000. The exterior was of staff of an ivory color. Two slender Spanish towers, ninety-eight 
feet in height, were noticeable features. The interior was well finished, a splendid onyx mantel being 
among the decorations. The building was used chiefly as a state headquarters. 




The Connecticut Building was near the extreme northeast corner of the Fair Grounds, and was in 
the type of a fine Connecticut residence. Its exterior was weather-boarded and painted white, and it 
was finished completely in the old Colonial style. The cost of the building was $15,U00 and it was used 
as offices for commissioners and a state headquarters. 







The Delaware Building was constructed of native woods and materials altogether from the state 
and was erected at a cost of $8,000. It made a picturesque showing, and its interior, one room of which 
was fitted up in Colonial style, contained many objects of interest, one a figure in clay of the old 
Swedes church at Wilmington, built one hundred years ago. 




'The Florida Building was a novelty, being a reproduction of Old Fort Marion in St. Augustine, 
perhaps the oldest structure m America. Its erection was begun in 1620 and continued one hundred 
years. The interior was finished in native woods, and there was a fine exhibit of state products. The 
building cost $20,000. 




The Idaho Building was in the form of an elaborate Swiss Chalet, though the foundation was of 
basaltic rock, and the different stories were made of logs stained to give them the appearance of age. 
Mining and hunting scenes were represented in the interior. The building was sold, to be removed 
to England after the Fair. 




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The Illinois Building was, as might have been expected, the most expensive and imposing state 
building on the grounds, being erected at a cost of 8250,000 and containing great numbers of exhibits. 
Its dimensions were four hundred and fifty feet by one hundred and sixty feet. Its great dome ""^'^ 
one of the notable features of the exposition landscape. 



was 




The Grain Picture, which attracted so much attention in the Ilhnois State Building, was the work 
of Mr. Fursman, and represented an Illinois prairie farm of one hundred and sixty acres. Ihe rrame, 
curtain and the picture itself were all made of grain, corn husks, grasses and similar products ot the 
farm. The perspective and effects of light and shade were all observed. 




The Indiana Building was" an" attractive and comfortable structure built at a cost of about $65,000. 
It was in the French Gothic style, three stories in height, with a wide veranda and bearing two towers 
one hundred and fifty feet in height. It was headquarters for people from the state, making no feature 
of exhibits. 




The Iowa Building was an enlargement and improvement of a stone structure existing ^^ the park 
before the Fair and was one of the handsomest buildings on the grounds. It cost $35,000. ^^s interior 
decorations, done largely in corn and other grains after the style of the Sioux City corn palace, attracted 
general curiosity and admiration. 




The Kansas Building occupied the extreme northwest corner of the grounds close to the Esquimau 
Village. The ground plan was irregular, but the general effect was good. The cost of the edifice was 
$25,000. The exhibit of state products was what might have been expected from a region with such 
abundant natural resources. \^ 




The Kentucky Building was in perfect southern Colonial style, a typical old Kentucky homestead. 
The fireplace in the great hall would admit logs eight feet long. The building was used as a head- 
quarters and visiting place for Kentuckians, and was popular as well with people from everywhere. It 
cost $18,000. 




The Louisiana Building was in imitation of the old-fashioned Creole houses of the state; was two 
stories in height, with a piazza to each story, and was finished in native woods. Upon the second floor 
was a large exhibition room containing valuable and curious relics. Here Creole women showed the 
Acadian manner of weaving. 




The Maine Building was octagonal in form with an area of sixty-five feet square. The first story- 
was of granite and the exterior of the remainder of the building in wood and staff. The mterior finish 
was handsomely executed in hardwood. The second story projected one foot over the first. The cost 
was $20,000. 




The Maryland Building was a particularly handsome structure having an exhibition hall and vari- 
ous offices and reception rooms. In the principal room were many interesting historical relics from 
the old state. The flat roofs of the balconies and the building offered opportunity for views and prome- 
nading which was much utilized. 




The Massachusetts Building was a reproduction of the famous John Hancock residence, so long a 
landmark in Boston. In front was a garden filled with old-fashioned flowers and shrubbery. The 
structure was a large one and elaborately finished, with parlors, reception rooms and offices at a cost of 

$50,000. 




The Michigan Building, situated near the Fifty-seventh street entrance and rarely closed, was 
among the most popular state buildings on the grounds. It was a fine structure, costing about $50,000, 
and contained a remarkable collection of the fauaa of the state, together with an exhibit of its resources. 
The showing of minerals and timber was especially great. 




The Minnesota Building was designed in the Itahan Renaissance style and was two stories in 
height, of wood covered with staff. A sculptured group at the entrance represented Minnehaha and 
Hiawatha. There were the usual exhibition hall, postoffice, and other offices. The interior walls were 
frescoed in various tints. The cost of the structure was $30,000. 




The Missouri Building- was of frame covered with staff and had an attractive front, the main 
•entrance surmounted with a domed tower seventy feet in height. The building contained thirty-two 
Tooms richly ornamented and furnished, Missouri manufacturers contributing largely to the decoration. 
The cost of the structure was $45,000. 




The Montana Building was of the Romanesque style of architecture and but a single story in: 
height and costing $16,000. It was surmounted by a glass dome twenty-two feet in diameter and thirty- 
eight feet high. Panels in pure sheet gold were among the decorations from this mining state. The 
figure of a gigantic elk appeared above tli2 entrance. 




The Nebraska Building was of the Corinthian order, sixty by one hundred feet in dimensions, and two 
stories in height. The exhibit hall was nearly sixty by seventy feet and contained a fine display of the 
state's products. There were the customary offices, reading, smoking, and reception rooms. The cost 
of the building was $20,000. 




The New Hampshire Building was in imitation of a Swiss cottage, fifty-three by eighty-four 
feet, and two stories in height. The reception hall opened to the roof and was covered by a 
skylight. A state exhibit, a picture collection and a large state map were shown. The building: 
cost $8,000. 



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The New Jersey Building was in imitation of that in which Washington made his headquarters at 
Morristown during the winter of 1779-8U. The structure was utihzed as a headquarters at the Fair for 
New Jersey people and their friends and for official purposes. It was chiefly of frame construction, 
though some stafif was used. Its cost was $18,000. 




The New York Building was a magnificent structure, costing $150,000, and in its style giving rather 
the idea of a luxurious Pompeiian residence. . Its exterior was staff in imitation of marble and the 
decorations were rich and lavish. The interior was palatial in its arrangement and was the scene of 
many notable receptions. 




The North Dakota Building was seventy by fifty feet in dimensions and had as its chief feature 
an assembly hall, with a broad fireplace at either end. There was a great showing of wheat, the state's 
chief product, and in other characteristics the exhibit made was one well illustrating the vast resources 
of the country. 




The old Red River cart, located between the North Dakota and Kansas State buildings, caused 
the time-worn instruction "Keep off the grass" to be daily ignored. So lifelike was the old "Red 
Devon " ox, that old and young were tempted to study it and its primitive vehicle from every point of 
vantage. Before 1871 this means of transportation was in vogue west of the Missouri River. 









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The Ohio Building was one hundred by eighty feet in dimensions, and was in the Colonial style of 
the more imposing order. Much of the finishing material was from the state represented. The build- 
ing was utilized simply for official and reception purposes and as a state headquarters. It cost $30,000. 




The Pennsylvania Building was one rivaling New York in some of its features. Its front was an 
exact reproduction of Independence Hall, while the original Liberty Bell hung in its entrance. The 
roof was covered with American-made tin. A host of interesting relics were exhibited in the rooms. 
The cost of the structure was $60,000. 




The Rhode Island Building was in the Grecian style, with columnar porticos on four sides. The 
columns were surmounted by an enriched Ionic entablature, and the building was finished with a roof 
balustrade. Entrance was had on every side. The structure was devoted, like most of the state build- 
ings, to reception purposes. It cost $10,000. 




The South Dakota Building was the first thing to attract attenhon after coming upon the grounds 
by the Fifty-seventh street entrance. The structure was frame, the exterior being covered with Yank- 
ton cement in imitation of stone work. The general effect of the edihce was admirable. Its cost was 
$15,000. 




The Texas Buildino- was rather in the Spanish style and stood in the midst of an area beautified by 
the state. 




The Utah Building was a creditable one in all respects, its charming facade showing most advan- 
tageously among the state buildmgs about it. The structure was not expensive, costing but $10,000, 
but, by the taste exhibited, made amends for lack of greater size or more pretentious ornamentation. 




The Vermont Building was one of the most unique upon the grounds, the two great shafts at its 
front, supporting allegorical figures, contributing largely to the effect produced. The Pompeiian style 
adapted gave opportunity for novelty in form as well as in coloring. This variation from the general 
type of building attracted much attention. 




The Virginia Building was an exact representation of the Mount Vernon mansion on the Potomac, 
so famihar to hundreds of thousands of Americans. This resemblance was carried into the interior, the 
furnishing being made up largely of historic heirlooms. Among the relics was a copy of the original 
will of George Washington. 




The Washington Building commanded universal attention, constructed, as it largely was, of the 
gigantic logs of fir brought from the Washington forests. Two base logs were each one hundred and 
twenty-seven feet long. A monster flagstaff, a single stick, two hundred and eight feet in height, stood 
in front of the building. 




The West Virginia Building was in the Colonial style, representing a West Virginia residence, and 
was two stories in height, with a pitched roof. All the exposed material was produced in the state. 
The ceilings were of ornamental iron work, made in Wheelmg. There were four large fireplaces, two. 
on each floor. The building cost $20,000 




The Wisconsin Building was a substantial and handsome structure, lying between those of Indiana 
and Michigan. The beautiful brown stone, the brick and the hardwood used all came from Wisconsin. 
A stained glass window in the west front which attracted much attention was presented by the city of 
West Superior. The building cost $30,000. 




The joint Territorial Building was erected by the territories of Arizona, New Mexico and Oklanoma. 
and was two stories in height, with a frontage of ninety feet. The main structure was divided into three 
departments, one for each territory, with apartments for the commissioners. Ihe joint arrangement 
proved an excellent one. 




The Canadian Building, which was situated nearly opposite the British Building, 
on the lake front roadway, was a rather handsome wooden structure occupied by 
various representatives of the Dominion government. It contained a number of 
special exhibits from the provinces, some of them of a curious and attractive char- 
acter. Its cost was $30,000. 




The French Building, called the French Pavilion, was situated near the lake 
and was a reproduction in form of the Apollo Hall of the castle of Versailles. « It 
cost $100,000 and presentec^a most striking appearance.' A colonnade and court 
of "graceful design were attractive features. The interior contained many objects, 
of historical interest to Americans, among them relics of the War of Independence. 




The French Pavilion was one of the sir^hts of the Exposition. The great Republic, ever lavish 
and generous in its undertakings, stinted nothing to enable her to shine in 1893 with deserved honor in 
the land of her sister Republic. The pavilion was full of interesting relics within, and in the court- 
yard was the "cool grot and mossy dell," depicted above. 




A Group of German Statuary, which stood just to the north of the German Building on the lake 
front, was one of the handsome surroundings of that remarkably handsome structure. The character 
of the figures and the general design is well shown in the illustration against the pretty wooded back- 
iiround. . , 





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The German Government Building was, in many respects, the most striking of its class on the 
grounds. It cost a quarter of a million dollars and was a magnificent specimen of typical German 
architecture. It excelled not only in architectural style, but in its profuse and beautiful decoration and 
elaborate coloring. It was a credit to the German empire, 




J 



"Victoria House," as it was called, the headquarters of Great Britain at the Fair, was a picturesque 
and expensive structure on the lake front, near the famous battle-ship. It was built in the style of the 
half-timber houses of the time of Henry VHI. It was beautifully decorated and furnished and devoted 
chiefly to official uses. 




The Japanese buildings were the only structures of note on the Wooded Island 
d.nd consisted of three parts connected. The style was that of an ancient Japanese 
temple and the buildings were illustrative in design of the methods prevailing at 
different periods in Japanese history. The effect of the whole was most picturesque 
and pleasing. 




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The Eskimo in their Kyacks afforded a never-failing object of curiosity to those who visited their 
not remarkably prepossessing village m the northwestern part of the grounds. Those shown in the 
illustration seem to be taking part in one of the parades on the lagoons, as the scenery indicates that 
they are away from home. 




Looking from the Ferris Wheel a little north of east, one frontage of the Plaisance appeared 
picturesquely in the immediate foreground, while in the distance was a pretty view of a portion of the 
Fair prof)^r. In the illustration the Woman's Building, the Illinois Building and the Art Palace are all 
distmctly recognizable. 




A view of Midway Plaisance from any point was certain to be full of variety. It could not be 
charged against that droll village of nations that its appearance liad the fault of sameness. The scene 
shown in the illustration is from a point just west of one of the viaducts and toward the Fair proper. 




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The Chinese Cafe was well patronized, there being a natural desire to learn how real Chinese tea, 
served in Chinese style, would taste and what would be the degree of enjoyment to a Caucasian in 
eating real Chinese'dishes. The Chinese Village included, also, a Joss House and theatre, which, like 
the cafe, had a constant patronage from the curious. 



11 




The World's Congress of Beauty was, as can be imagined, a congress of women. Between forty 
and fifty representatives of different nationalities, all of them types of loveliness, were gathered here, 
and dressed in their respective national or racial costumes, made a perfect "beauty show." 





The Irish Village was one of the "green spots" of Midway. ^Everything was so natural — the 
thatched cottages, the merry laughter, the sallies of wit, the sweet Irish melodies sung as only colleens 
can sing them, the dear old Bl?rney Stone — everything was so characteristic that in the twinkling of an 
eye one was transported to the Em.erald Isle. 




The Libbey Glass Works, owned by the Libbey Glass Company of Toledo, Ohio, was a very large 
and ornamental structure which arrested the notice of visitors on first entering the Plaisance. " Here the 
manufacture of glass was shown in all its details, glass blowing, cutting, decorating, spinning and weav- 
ing, the whole making a very interesting exhibit. 




The Hagenbeck Animal Show in Midway Plaisance was one of the sights of the Columbian Exposition 
-well worth seeing. No such display of trained wild beasts were ever before seen in America, and the arena 
which would seat a great number of people was often thronged. The illustration shows a group of the perform- 
ing animals. 




The Javanese Village was the temporary home of an interesting little people, who made themselves 
thousands of friends by their gentle demeanor, their uniform good nature and their cleverness in their 
own arts. The village contained, besides quite a number of residences, a theatre and tea house, a^ 
built in the Javanese fashion. 







A Javanese House was an interesting object to the visitor. The illustration gives an idea of the 
style of construction, which must be an excellent one for a warm climate. Bamboo is used almost 
exclusively, and the house is raised on posts to avoid visits from serpents and similar und(?sirable 
guests. 




The German Village, situated in Midway Plaisance, was, naturally, a popular resort in a country 
where the German element is so largely infused into the population. The front view here* given 
shows the general exterior appearance with the German Castle in the interior, looming above the 
walls. There were many other special historic reproductions. 




The German Castle was a prominent feature of the German Village in Midway Plaisance. It was 
in the South German style of medieval architecture, and conveyed to most minds rather the idea of a 
solid manor house than a fortress. In the castle was an extensive and interesting collection of ancient 
armor, which attracted much attention from intelligent visitors. 




The German Castle in the German Village was a representation of a medieval stronghold. It was 
correct in every detail, even to the moat which surrounded it and the old drawbridges, one of which is 
shown in the picture. It consisted of two large halls, a vestibule and a castle chapel. 



li 




The Persian Theatre and Pompeiian Mews Buildings stood side by side, but there was no com- 
parison between the hvehness of their interiors. It was in the Persian Theatre that the dancing 
assumed such character that it was moditied at the request of the Board of Lady Managers. The 
tltjatre is the building showing in the illustration with a dome and towers. 




From the Bernese Alps to Turkey is quite a distance to cover in Europe, but the Midway Plaisance 
Ignored time and space, and from one to the other was but a matter of a few steps. Great interest was 
taken in the Turkish Village, and before the close of the Fair there was scarcely a Turkish face that 
was not familiar to frequenters of Midway. 




The Ice Railway was one of the speculative odd features of the Fair and achieved a degree of 
popularity toward the Exposition's close. Sleighs assisted up an incline by machinery made a dizzy 
circuit at a tremendous pace along a roadway coated with ice, created by artilicial means. It was 
curious even from a scientific point of view 




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A Group of Nubians, in fact a f;roup of almost any sort of people from the north of the Dark Con- 
tinent, could be seen in the village known as a Street in Cairo. That was a sort of free for all place lor 
all classes of African population, white, brown or black. The specialty of this particular group seems 
to be the coiffure. 



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The Soudanese, among them a child, a lively imp of eighteen months who danced, were among the 
odd groups from far countries who added to the variety of the great Exposition. A careless, jolly lot 
were the Soudanese, who were probably a great deal happier at the Fair than they were in their own 
•often-raided part of Africa. 




Staff Play in Cairo Street was one of the many novel exhibitions made by the people whose mode 
of life had been such that physical prowess counts highly. The staff play might be counted spear 
play instead, but was not much of a feature either way among the many more attractive performances. 




The Algerian Theatre and Bazaar was a point to which visitors naturally wended their way on 
their tour of the Plaisance. The habits and customs of Algerian and Tunisian life were seen there in 
oriental perfection. The simple industries, the religious exercises and the pursuit of pleasure in its 
manifold phases were represented in a manner that left no room to doubt the origin of those who took 
part in the various functions. 




The Rathhaus in Old Vienna was the most conspicuous building in that quaint village and was a 
reproduction of the ancient council chamber or town hall, as it existed, one hundred and fifty years ago. 
The tower, the balcony and decorations were all faithfully imitated and the structure thus given a 
historical interest. 




The interior of Old Vienna was seldom so deserted as in the illustration, which must be from a 
photograph taken in the early morning. The quaint architecture, the bright display in the shops, the 
restaurant facilities, and, above all, the delicious music combined to make Old Vienna a place of 
famous resort. . . 



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The Ostrich Farm, on the Midway Plaisance, never lacked patronage from the first day of its instal- 
lation. It was a most interesting exhibit, and attracted the attention not only of the ornithological 
student, but of mapv a fair one who affected the ostrich plumes. 



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The Laplanders who had a village at the World's Fair found the climate somewhat too warm for their taste, 
as did also their reindeer, some of the animals dying, but, on the whole, the far northern people seemed to 
enjoy themselves. Among them the most notable figure was King Bull, a more than centenarian. 




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ir. .Jl- Struggle with the flames on the occasion of the Cold Storage Warehouse fire 
n the Fair grounds was a helpless one. Of the men cut off from escape, sixteen were 

horrified '.nert^L c ' were more or less seriously injured. At least fifty thousand 
tiorrihed spectators were witnesses of the appalling scene. 






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